Comparison of language used for journal names indexed in SINTA ranked 1 and 2

For new journals, choosing the right name is very important. Apart from attracting the interest of authors and readers, the journal's name also determines the accreditation and indexation process. In addition to using names in national and international languages, the use of a combination of more than one type of language is also commonly used as journal names. This short communication aims to describe the names of journals in Indonesia indexed by Science and Technology Index (SINTA) at rank 1 and 2 regarding the language used. The method used is identifying journal names one by one on the SINTA journal page https://sinta3.kemdikbud.go.id/journals at rank 1 and 2, followed by identification of the language used as the journal name. The results obtained show that journals at SINTA 1 rank the most used English names with 72.90%, while in SINTA rank 2, the most use Indonesian names with 57.59%.


Introduction
For a scientific journal, the journal's name is an identity that is not only important but can also have a significant impact on the perceptions of the authors and readers of the journal. Not only to describe the articles published by the journal, but the name of the journal also represents the reputation of the editorial board team that manage a journal. Therefore, although the journal's name is generally done later when a new journal is published, this process usually requires challenging discussion by the editorial team and the publisher [1]. In the past, the determination of journal names itself was not explicitly regulated by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) International Center (https://www.issn.org/). Therefore, several journals have the same name, confusing both the author and the reader [2]. Currently, it has been stipulated that they cannot use the same name as the previously published journal for submissions of new journals.
In Indonesia, the naming of scientific journals is regulated by the ISSN National Center at the Center for Scientific Data and Documentation of the Indonesian Research Institute of Sciences/Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). Although naming scientific journals is the prerogative of journal managers and publishers, regulators rule several provisions. One of them is the prohibition of using a particular institution or affiliation as the name of a journal to prevent abuse, even though in previously published journals, several journals do not comply with these provisions. This is especially true if the journal wants to be accredited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the National Journal Accreditation/Akreditasi Jurnal Nasional or ARJUNA (http://arjuna.kemdikbud.go.id/) [3].
Another interesting issue in naming journals is the language used. In general, there are no provisions regarding the language used in scientific journals, especially those that have been accredited on the Science and Technology Index or SINTA (https://sinta3.kemdikbud.go.id/). The SINTA index is divided into six rankings, in which the top two ranks: SINTA rank 1 and 2, are categorized as national journals that have better quality than ranks 3 to 6 in terms of substance and management [4]. The exciting thing is that although the Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia number 63 of 2019 concerning the Use of the Indonesian Language, which in Article 31 regulates explicitly the obligation to use Indonesian for scientific journals published in Indonesia, on the LIPI ISSN portal (https://issn.lipi.go.id/terbit) until December 30 th , 2021, it can be seen that some ISSNs have just been given to journals with names are not in Indonesian. There are several types of languages commonly used in naming scientific journals in Indonesia, such as Indonesian, English, Arabic, Latin, or a combination of two or more languages. Among these languages, English is relatively dominant, considering that the use of English in titles, abstracts, and keywords is a mandatory requirement for a journal to be indexed at a reputable indexer such as Scopus so that journal managers tend to choose journal names in English. However, no study on the language used in naming journals in Indonesia has been reported. The study on the naming of scientific journals is essential to obtain an overview of the names of journals in Indonesia, included in SINTA rank 1 and 2. Therefore, this short communication aims to describe the names of journals indexed by SINTA rank 1 and 2 in terms of the language used.

Method
The research was conducted using a descriptive method with the parameters used were the names of scientific journals indexed by SINTA rank 1 and 2. The source used is directly from the SINTA website (https://sinta3.kemdikbud.go.id/journals) accessed on December 30 th , 2021. The language classification used in the journal's name is divided into six groups: Indonesian, English, Arabic, local languages (Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, etc.), combining two or more, and other languages (Latin, special terms, or other abbreviations). Identification is carried out both word by word and based on phrases in the name of the journal using several tools, such as the Indonesian Dictionary/Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) online (https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/) and Cambridge Dictionary (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/). The use of institutional names, place/location names, certain abbreviations, or symbols are excluded from identification. Words that have meanings in more than one language are grouped based on the context of the journal content and other words from the journal's name. The result is expressed as the percentage of each language group used.

Results and Discussion
A search through the SINTA journal page on December 30 th , 2021, shows that there are 107 journals indexed by SINTA at rank 1 and 896 journals at rank 2. The classification in the SINTA journal ranking 1 show that 12 journals use the names of journals in Indonesian, 78 journals in English, 11 journals using a combination of two or more languages, and six journals using other languages. There are no journals that have names in Arabic or local languages. The percentage of journal names indexed by SINTA rank 1 based on the language used is presented in Figure 1. Journals included in SINTA ranked 1 are journals that score more than 85 in ARJUNA. Another way to be included in this ranking is by being indexed by highly reputable international indexers [3]. Of the 107 journals, 101 of them indexed by reputable international indexers such as Scopus. One of the requirements for a journal to be indexed by Scopus is to have article title metadata and abstracts in international languages such as English [5]. However, often journals that are accepted for Scopus indexing must have full-text articles in English as well. This is related to one of the other mandatory requirements indexed by Scopus, the citations of articles in other Scopus indexed journals [6]. Practically, most authors will tend to look for articles in international languages because they are easier to understand and use as references, except when the authors who cite also come from the same country where the journal was published. Thus, it is not surprising that the majority of journals indexed by Scopus are journals that have names in English as well, according to the language used in the articles [7]. However, there is also a SINTA ranked 1 journal with an Indonesian name like Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan. This journal initially still published articles in Indonesian, but since 2018 has fully published articles in English. This change occurred after the journal was indexed by Scopus, possibly intended to accommodate readers and potential authors from outside Indonesia. Uniquely, the journal accepts article submissions in Indonesian for the review process, and only asks for the English version after the article is declared accepted (https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/cp/announcement).
In SINTA rank 2, there are 516 journals using names in Indonesian, 164 journals in English, 12 journals in Arabic, four journals in local languages, 174 journals with a combination of two or more languages, and 26 journals in other languages. Unlike SINTA rank 1, rank 2 is dominated by journals that have Indonesian names. The percentage of journal names indexed by SINTA rank 2 based on the language used is presented in Figure 2. The exciting thing is that even journals with names in the form of a combination of two or more languages are slightly more numerous than journals with names in English. This is because journals with a combination of names of two or more languages have many possible combinations, ranging from Indonesian-English, Indonesian-Arabic, English-Arabic, Indonesian-Latin, English-Latin, and others. There is a tendency that some journals with English names on SINTA rank 2 are new journals (first published in the last five years) that target authors and readers from outside Indonesia. Therefore some of these journals also have full-text articles in English, for example, in Borneo Journal of Pharmacy, Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), and Jambe Law Journal. Meanwhile, several journals with Indonesian names such as Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium and Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi initially published articles in Indonesian. After starting to accept articles from outside Indonesia, they changed their publishing policy by only publishing English manuscripts. These journals are generally more than five years old with stable conditions in publishing continuity so that the managers and publishers can develop their journals into international journals [8].
Even though most of the journals at SINTA 1 use English names, and at SINTA 2 use Indonesian names, these results do not show a causal relationship. This does not mean that journals with English names will be indexed more easily by internationally reputable indexes such as Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) [9]. Likewise, journals with names in Indonesian are not necessarily more difficult to index by Scopus and WoS.
As reported from the Scimago Journal Rank (https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?type=j&country=ID) and the Master Journal List (https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results) pages on December 30 th , 2021, there are 17% and 30% of journals published in Indonesia and indexed in Scopus and WoS, respectively, whose names are entirely in Indonesian. The more important thing is that the journal's name must match the scope of the journal itself [10]. An example is if the journal contains articles in Indonesian, written entirely by authors from Indonesia, with a board of editors and reviewers all from Indonesia, it would seem strange if the journal had an English name. Likewise, if the journal has an English name, it is appropriate for the journal to publish articles in English, written by authors from several countries, with a board of editors and reviewers from various countries.
The interesting point here is that the basis for choosing the journal's name from the manager is often based on the purpose of the journal's initial publication. As a fellow journal manager (the author is the Editor-in-Chief of the Borneo Journal of Pharmacy (http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/bjop)), the reason for choosing a journal name in English is to make it easier for prospective authors from outside Indonesia to be able to find the journal. This is based on the initial goal of establishing a journal to be indexed in reputable international indexers, thus requiring readers, writers, editors, and reviewers from outside Indonesia to increase journal diversity. In addition, with the journal name in English (or in another international language recognized by the United Nations), it will be easier for prospective authors to know at a glance about the journal's profile without the need to visit the journal page. This is especially true for new journals, published after the introduction of SINTA initiated in 2016, which ranks national journals indexed on reputable international indexers such as Scopus and WoS at the highest rank. Since then, journal managers seem to be competing to create new journals with better quality to be indexed in the reputable international indexer and enter the SINTA 1 ranking. Uniquely, several journals with Indonesian names successfully indexed on Scopus changed their names to English, for example, Tropical Animal Science Journal (https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/tasj) from IPB University, which was initially named Media Peternakan. The name change itself aims to develop and expand the distribution as well as increase the visibility of the journal. From this phenomenon, it can be seen the tendency of journal managers in Indonesia to choose names in English for journals in order to have a wider diversity, while indirectly increasing the possibility of being indexed in SINTA 1, considering the diversity of authors, editors, and reviewers is one scoring points in ARJUNA. However, appreciation also deserves to be given to the managers of new journals who choose journal names in Indonesian, especially in their enthusiasm to follow the rules conveyed by the Presidential Regulation regarding the use of the Indonesian language.
The study of choosing the journal's name is relatively rarely reported, although it is one of the vital points in both indexing and ranking. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has never been a study from Indonesia that specifically examined the name of a scientific journal. This brief communication is expected to pave the way for further research related to the selection of scientific journal names from Indonesia, not only related to the aspects of ranking and indexation but also other philosophical and substantive reasons.

Conclusion
Most of the journals indexed by SINTA at rank 1 (72.90%) have English names, while in rank 2, more than half (57.59%) use Indonesian as the journal name. Although choosing a journal name in English cannot be directly associated with the opportunity to get the highest SINTA ranking, choosing a journal name in English can provide a strategic advantage in increasing journal diversity, which can indirectly increase the chances of getting a higher SINTA rank.

Funding
This study did not receive external funding.